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20 Think Tanks in BriefExplore Articles by Expertsstratification of surface oceans. The increase in primary production is expected to drive a rise in the uptake and production of climateactive gases and aerosols. With more open water and stronger winds, wave activity will likely intensify, affecting the exchange of particles and gases. The seasonal impacts on atmospheric aerosols, cloud nuclei (CCN and INP), oxidizing capacity, and mercury deposition are unclear due to the poorly understood changes occurring in shrinking sea-ice regions. Ultimately, the effects on cloud cover, reflectivity, and seasonal variations remain uncertain and will influence the atmospheric energy balance, as well as sea-ice melting and freezing processes.Sea-Ice Ecosystems and Conservation Conservation represents a key tool in climate change adaptation and mitigation through maintenance and potential restoration of ecosystem functions and services. We can highlight;%uffed The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) sets a target to protect 10% of marine areas by 2020. In 2016, members of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) adopted a more ambitious goal of protecting 30% of marine areas by 2030. However, less than 10% of ocean areas are currently under protection.%uffed The goals of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are increasingly shifting from focusing solely on the protection and restoration of specific species to the restoration of ecosystem functions and services, as well as the long-term health of ecosystems.%uffed The loss of sea ice is a direct result of global warming. Although conservation efforts play a vital role in protecting species and ecosystems from additional, primarily localized humaninduced stressors, they do not tackle the global challenge of climate change itself. These efforts must be complemented by international actions to reduce emissions.%uffed If the conservation objectives of existing and proposed MPAs identify the linkage to global warming as the human stressor impeding the MPA's ability to conserve, then MPAs could, collectively, advance international regulations on emissions and climate change.The World Meteorological Organization has revealed severe consequences of climate change, with 2024 recording a record high in global temperatures and a significant decline in the volume of glaciers, directly threatening ecosystems and human communities worldwide.